Ice Cream Galore Btec Unit 9

Ice Cream Galore Made by: H. Hassan Index * P1 describe the promotional mix used by two selected organisations for a selected product/service * P2 explain the role of promotion within the marketing mix for a selected product/service * P3 explain the role of advertising agencies and the media in the development of a successful promotional campaign * P4 explain the reasons behind the choice of media in a successful promotional campaign P1The Promotional mix contains out of different elements who are necessary for the information of all target customers that means it’s not just for the people who already know about the product but also for the people who are completely unaware it all depends on how you use the elements of the promotional mix which are: 1. Advertising Any paid form of non-personal communication through mass media   about a service or product   or an idea is called advertising. It is done through non personal channels or media.Print advertisements, advertisemen ts in Television, Radio, Billboard, Cataloges, Direct mails, In-store display, , emails, posters are some of the examples of advertising. Paid promotion and presentation of goods, services, comes under the advertisement 2. Personal selling This is a process by which a person persuades the buyer to accept a product or a point of view or convince the buyer to take specific course of action through face to face contact. Examples: Sales Meetings, sales presentations, sales training, samples and telemarketing etc.It can be of face-to-face or through telephone contact. 3. Sales promotion Many different products are often sold with a discount. Companies use these kind of sales promotion a lot. They do this so that more people will buy the product, resulting in a bigger profit or so they can get rid of their old products because they are waiting for a new product to come out 4. Public relations A lot of big businesses also have a negative side. It’s the PR’s goals to make the business look as good as possible for the public 5. Direct marketingDirect marketing is a way of marketing to a particular group such as young male students Business use very advanced ways into reaching the people they want to inform of their product or discount 6. Sponsorship Sponsorship is a way to of promoting by being connected to someone or something companies pay a lot to like an athlete wearing their name on his shirt P1/P2 BCC BCC is a high tech company selling all the electrical equipment u need at your home. They use the promotional mix to attract customers and sell products. hey use a store as well as a web shop Advertising: BCC has got a lot of commercials and nationally known slogans such as â€Å"Low Prices High Service† Personal Selling: They use personal selling a lot, try walking in to a bcc store without getting jumped by a salesman. Their strategy is you come in to the store for headphones and you leave with a phone or tv. Sales Promotion: They give you dis count ,when u buy more than 1 product and give the opportunity to pay it off with a monthly fee. Sponsorship: They sponsored The Dutch soccer team at WK 2010 named â€Å"Het officiele thuis supporters packet â€Å" (http://www. nederlandsmedianetwerk. l/profiles/blogs/bcc-officieel-sponsor-van-de) Direct marketing: They use direct marketing by sending u emails of their discount if you’re in their database because u bought something from them in the past Public relations : They are known because of their slogan Low Prices High Service. If something doesn’t work they will immediately help you out through the phone or at their store The role of their promotion that people are aware that they are there and give them the image that they are the best and reliable with repairs and such so that u feel comfortable with buying a new TV without thinking that it might break .Unicef Unicef stands for United Nations Children's Fund. It’s a children rights organisation of th e United Nations. Their Goal is that all children get the same rights such as education, food ,vaccinations and help cure aids and other diseases Advertising: Unicef advertises a lot they have people on the streets collecting money. They got commercials and famous people supporting them at benefit concerts here Personal Selling: They do use personal selling by for example the people who come knock on your door raising money or have a stall with unicef shirts and caps that u can buySales promotion: They don’t give discounts because it’s about them helping children it depends on you how much u want to give there are no standard prices Sponsorship :They sponsor one of the greatest soccer team in the world FC Barcelona and the Grand Prix as well as NASCAR. Direct Marketing: They use direct marketing u can subscribe to their site and they send u emails and information about their campaigns or benefit concerts they look for people with a soft hart and care about children I t hink they mostly aim at rich housewives with children their ownPublic Relations: They are extremely kind to u and u can always call or mail them or go to their local office if u have any questions. Unicef depends on promotion they need it so people can donate money to them without promotion no one would trust the organisation with their money they would think that they will just keep it. They promote it with sad children that are all bruised up so that they get your compassion and eventually your money.

Psych Unit IV Article Review Essay

There are so many different theories out there that try to explain why we act the way we act. How do we explain evil or hateful behavior? I just finished reading the article ‘’Prison Violence: Does brutality come with a badge?’’, written by: Bruce Gross. This article talks about being a prison guard, and how some people act when they enter this career. Would you act differently if you went from the role of the prisoner to the role of the prison guard? There have been many reports of ‘’cruel and unusual’’ punishment that is being administered by prison guards to inmates in prisons. Not only are inmates reporting this abuse, but federal authorities are also recognizing there is a problem. In 2005, the commission on Safety and Abuse in Prisons said there were 16,000 allegations of sexual and physical assault that were reported. There are also reports of abuse happening in County jails as well as in prisons. ‘’Inmates have reported being choked, kicked, punched, and hit with objects by single or multiple guards’’, (Gross, 2008). If you look back at our history, it is full of ordinary people who commit terrible acts of violence. Some people have done studies and are trying to understand why people commit these ‘’evil crimes’’. Stanley Milgram is one of those people. He was a Yale University professor, who conducted an experiment in 1961. In this experiment there were ‘’teachers’’ and there were ‘’learners. The teachers were given the power to administer a shock to the learners if they answered a question wrong. It was surprising how much the ‘’teachers’’ in the experiment would shock the ‘’learners’’ and the amount of volts that they would use without protest. Another experiment that was done to test these violent behaviors was known as the Stanford Prison Experiment. In August of 1971, this experiment was started by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo. He put an ad in the paper and found volunteers to play role of ‘’prisoner’’ and the role of ‘’guard’’. He created a prison-like environment in the basement of the psychology building on the Stanford Campus. There was some definite brutality that started to show in the guards during this experiment. Some showed more than others. After only 6 days, the experiment was shut down. One third (1/3) of these ‘’guards’’ showed sadistic behavior. There was a similar study done that was called the BBC Prison Study. This study was also shut down early. ‘’Both of these prison studies demonstrated that under some circumstances, some individuals resist going-with-the flow of group associated brutality’’, (Gross, 2008). Sometimes an individual will behave differently if they know they’re being watched. In the SPE experiment, the participants knew they were being watched by ‘’supervisors’’, and on the BBC experiment, they knew they were being watched by an audience (including family and friends). These factors may have affected the way that either group acted throughout the experiment. I know I would act differently if I knew that my mother was watching me. Some people think it’s the environment that people are in that brings out violence. Well of course it is! If you treat someone like a caged animal, eventually they will start acting like one. If a guard is told to dehumanize a prisoner, then you will probably see violence out of the guards, as well as out of the prisoners. ‘’Violence and extreme behaviors by guards against inmates have many sources’’, (Gross, 2008). In the prison studies that were covered in this article, it didn’t surprise the experimenters that ‘’good people’’ were committing evil acts when they played the role of the guards. They were more surprised and shocked that more people didn’t stand up for what was right. Even if they didn’t agree with what was happening, they just kept their mouth shut, and went with the flow. At the end of the article, Gross says, ‘’Perhaps the adage is true, that real evil exists and flourishe s when good people do nothing’’.

The Use of Capital Budgeting Models in Utility Estimation Essay

The Use of Capital Budgeting Models in Utility Estimation - Essay Example Three key terms are incorporated into the preceding description of alternative choice problems: cost, revenue, and investment. If the applicability of Hunter et al.'s (1988) critique to capital budgeting models of utility is to be fully evaluated, the reader must understand how finance managers and accountants use these terms. Cost refers to the number of resources used for any purpose (Anthony & Reece, 1983). Costs incurred in an accounting period are either assets or expenses. An asset is defined as a cost that yields benefits to the organization beyond the current accounting period (usually 12 months). For example, a machine that is expected to have a useful life of 10 years is classified as an asset because it is expected to produce outputs (such as machined parts) that benefit the organization by bringing in revenue over a long period of time (in this case 10 years). An expense is defined as a cost that yields benefits to the organization only within the current accounting perio d. For example, the cost of electricity for the machine for one month is classified as an expense because the resulting benefits accrue only over the short term. Revenue refers to the inflow of funds that results from the sale of goods and services to the firm's customers. An investment is the acquisition of an asset resulting in a future stream of expected cash inflows (i.e., revenues). For the example of the machine purchase given earlier, parts produced with the machine would be sold to customers, and the resulting stream of revenues would be received over the 10-year life of the machine.

Design an Alternative Interface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Design an Alternative Interface - Essay Example First of all, the interface should ensure that all key characteristics are among the inclusions in the design. These are the ten principles of interface design. This is in reference to discussions in â€Å"Hierarchical Task Analysis,† by Shepherd. There are ten key principles for the design of a user interface. Heuristics refers to these principles because of their nature in reference to usability guidelines. Below is a list of these general principles (Buxton, 2007). 6. Recognition rather than recalling – the designer does not require the user to remember information in different sections of the dialogue. The instructions should also be visible enough for easy comprehension. 8. Minimalist and aesthetic design – dialogues should avoid unnecessary information. All units of information compete for relevant units of information in dialogues, as the relative visibility diminishes. The following is an illustration of the appearance of the design. It includes implementation of the information above. It should provide the user with different applications which enables them access sufficient information. One of the characteristics of the new interface is it enhances sharing of data; the book by the name â€Å"Hierarchical Task Analysis† has further illustrations. This capability should have no limits as it will ensure the promotion all over the world. User will feel changes as the limitation of the current interface are solved in the new interface. This capability will be impacted by an account so that; senders can always drop the data for the receivers to download at their own disposal (Shneiderman, 1998). The interface should have the capabilities of analyzing weather changes. This is because areas like California suffer highly depending on daily activities, which rely on weather; this is in reference to, Human Computer Interaction. The interface should perform this task by automatically, detecting location through time zones (Buxton, 2007). The

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering Essay

Immigrant Communities and the Trajectories of Othering - Essay Example According to another of my writing pieces, the Social Security Administration affirms the illegal immigrants benefit American society. The immigrants pay taxes. The employers automatically withhold the taxes from the illegal immigrants. Lastly, the illegal immigrants buy U.S. goods and services. Accordingly, my other writing piece states the Hmong farmer ethnic race suffers from immigration hardships. Laos’ war-expelled Hmong people travelled around the world. The people suffer from not having a legitimate country. The U.S. immigration law favors the Hmong people (Yang 271). According to my other writing piece, immigrants do their best to be accepted by the U.S. society. The constitution protects the non-citizens. The dominant American population needs cheap labor. The constitution understands’ the plight of immigrants trying to escape from their home country’s life-threatening society, while sending money back home to their families (Mummert 7). According to my other writing piece, immigrants continue facing challenges trying to fit into American society. Immigrants try to be accepted by the new country’s residents. Oppression forces the immigrants to necessarily comply with the American society’s standards. The immigrants’ are forced to accept low wages. According to student Anna Sepeda’s research, othering includes affirming gender discrimination and race discrimination are realistically prevalent over the immigrant population. Sepeda correctly indicates immigrants usually start on the same footing (Mcintosh 91). Sepeda admits immigrants go through unbearable racial and gender discrimination in the new home. The immigration border patrol exercises selective race and gender discrimination. According to student Jake Helmandollar’s research, our nations’ immigration policies are tainted with racial and class issues (Clayton 261). Helmandollar affirms that the

Poetry when spring arrives by Fernando Pessoa Essay

Poetry when spring arrives by Fernando Pessoa - Essay Example There is a point that Pessoa brings to the mind of the reader and it is in the harsh reality that life goes on, even after the death of someone that is perceived to be influential to life itself. There is actually this tone of inferiority that comes with Pessoa’s statement that, â€Å"To think that my death is of no importance whatsoever.† (7). The truth is that, if the author is of no importance to life, what about the overwhelming influence that he has on people especially his friends, families and other people that were dear to his heart. Thus, the author should not have jumped to the conclusion that life does not need him. Now, let us assume that life does not need the author as he asserted, the best option was not to think or talk about death the way he did. There are actually strings of facts that should be picked from the lines of the poem. The author reminds readers that there is time for everything and that everything must come to pass at its appointed time as this could be inferred from the last line of the poem when he says that, â€Å"What will be, when it is, is what will be when it is.† (22). Seasons come, seasons go, but life remains. The author also reminds readers that, death is inevitable as it is an end to life

Gamification Primer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gamification Primer - Essay Example amification is applied in business is to improve the competitiveness of a given business over other competitors and increase the market share, hence profitability. It is a shift from the games modeling the real world to the real world emulating games. Understanding game mechanics is significant as it enables the understanding of the real forces that affect business behavior and trends across the globe (Burke 35). Common players in games include both corporate and individuals that do it for different reasons, although the aim is to gain in different ways. Despite the benefits that are associated with the different games, challenges and risks emerge as well. For instance, an organization could apply a different game that could result in great losses and its exit from the industry if other competitors play similar games at the same time. To this end, gamification utilizes technological innovation and research and development to increase the benefits. Barclays Bank is a multinational banking group that began its operations in the United Kingdom and expanded to other countries across the globe. The organization deals with provision of investment and personal banking among other services. The bank has positioned itself as a dominant financial institution in the industry given its good financial performance. However, maintenance of the dominance is not an easy task for the bank it had to undertake different strategies (Burke 67). Gamification is one of the strategies that Barclays bank undertook. Under this strategy, the bank has the objective of generating value for all the customers it serves in its services and products. Barclays Bank is involved in intense marketing strategies some of which include integrated marketing. This is manifested in several ways such as the promotions and adverts in the broadcast media. Corporate social responsibility activities such as the support of the English Premier league is another example of mar keting strategies. The competencies

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example I am an international student from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a large country and areas of science in the country are in the phase of rapid development. It is for this reason that the government has sponsored thousands of students like me to come to the United States and complete their studies in specific fields of science. I would like to utilize this opportunity to its fullest and complete my PhD for bringing about development in the field of Information Systems in Saudi Arabia. I am currently enrolled in the program of Master of Science in Computer and Information Science at the Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA and the expected date of my graduation is December 2014. This master’s program has motivated me to further continue my studies in the same field and gain expertise through the completion of my PhD. The PhD Program would grant me with an opportunity to polish my skills and gain an advanced understanding of my desired field. I have always had an interest in the field of Information Systems. In the year 2010, I completed my graduation in the field of Information Science from my home country at the Al-Baha University and achieved a GPA of 2.8-4. My graduation motivated me to further achieve higher studies in the field and to gain greater exposure and a better learning environment, I moved to the United States. I enrolled at the ELS Language Center at Cincinnati, OH, USA for one year to get a good grip over English Language so that that I would not face any difficulties during my years of education in the United States. Following this, I started my Master’s Degree in Information Systems at the Gannon University in January 2013. Currently, I have successfully completed 24 credits out of 33 and my GPA is 3.75-4 which is reflective of my hard work and focus for outshining in my field. With time, my interest in the field of Information

Virginia Henderson Essay Example for Free

Virginia Henderson Essay Virginia Avenel Henderson, the fifth child of Lucy Abbot Henderson and Daniel B. Henderson’s eight children and a descendant of a chain of scholars and educators was born in Kansas City, Missouri in November 30, 1897. She was known for her contribution as an American nurse, author, theorist and a researcher. Henderson started her early education with her aunts, her sister and at his Uncle Charles Abbott’s community school for boys at Virginia. She proceeded to the Washington, D. C. based Army School of Nursing and later pursued her M. A. degree in nursing education at Columbia University teachers college where she become part of the â€Å"Columbia school† of nursing theory (Barnard, 1990, 15). Henderson’s nursing career began in 1921, at Henry Street Visiting Nurse Association, New York and two years in the profession she proceeded to the Visiting Nurse Association, Washington, D. C. where she practiced for one year until 1924. In the same year Norfolk Protestant Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, offered Henderson a chance to work as a Supervisor and Clinical instructor in the Outpatient department until 1930. It was here where Henderson took an active role in the state nurses association She proceeded on to join the Teachers College, Columbia University in New York as an instructor and Associate Professor, a career she served competently till 1948. Henderson burning desire for the profession did not end there, in 1953; she joined the Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut, as a Research Associate and the year 1971 saw Henderson become a research associate with Research Associate Emeritus (Reniers, 1941, 89). During her nursing career, Henderson made some national and international achievements that made her to be identified as the quintessential nurse of the twentieth century. She became the recipient of the Virginia Historical Nurse Leader award and a Member of the American nurses Association Hall of fame while at Norfolk Protestant school of Nursing as a full –time nursing instructor She is also respected for proposing the plan for creating districts in the Graduate Nurses association of Virginia currently know as Virginia Nurses’ association and advocating for the psychiatric nursing to be included in the curriculum. She has served in the committees that came up with the course at Eastern state Hospital based in Williamsburg, Virginia in the year 1929. It was in June, 1985 that Henderson was awarded with the first Christianne Reimann Prize by the international Council of nurses and in 1988 she won the Virginia Historical Nurse Leadership award as well as recognition by the Virginia nurses association as one if the fifty-one pioneer nurses in Virginia in 2000. The Library of Sigma Theta Tau International was also named in her honor and she was bestowed with honorary degrees from some thirteen (Reiners, 1941, 96). Henderson has been famed for authoring the her nursing definition â€Å"the nurse has the unique obligation of helping the person who is either sick or well, to perform the activities that contribute to health as well as its recovery â€Å"till a peaceful death† which he was in a position to perform without aid if he was having the required strength, knowledge or the will to do it†. She has been referred to as the â€Å"first lady of nursing† as well as the â€Å"first international true nurse†. This is mainly because of her contribution to the nursing profession where her writing, presentations and research work as well as her contact with nurses made some profound effects to the profession and impact on the care recipients by nurses all over the world (Barnard, 1990, 24). During her teaching career at Teacher College, Columbia University, Henderson was remembered for her outstanding character that attracted so many students from all over the world to study with her. Most nurses in the U. S got the chance to study with her while at their home schools after her revision of Bertha Harmer’s book Textbook of the Principles and practice of Nursing was in wide use. Henderson while in Yale contributed to publication of Nursing Research a Survey and Assessment that was in collaboration with Leo Simonds. In addition to these she directed four volumes Nursing Studies Index, twelve years project that has been used intensively for reference over the years. Nature of Nursing, another Henderson’s book that was published in 1966, elaborated her notion on the essence of nursing which later had a lot of influence to those who went through it. At 75, she focused on the international teaching as well as speaking, enabling another generation to gain from contact with this quintessential nurse of the twentieth century. She described Nursing role to be related to the needs of the patient but not to the general nursing theory. Her work is useful and widely adapted by many nurses all over the world because it is believed to be practical and based on the experience of the profession. Henderson died at the age of 98, at the Connecticut Hospice and was laid down in her family plot of the churchyard, St.Stephen’s church, forest, Bedford County in Virginia (Power, 1998, 35). Work Cited: Barnard F. Hollinger, Outside the Magic Circle: the Autobiography of Virginia Henderson, Alabama, University of Alabama Press, 1990, pp. 15, 24. Power Trace, Lee’s Miserables: Life in the army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Appomattox, Carolina, University of North Carolina press, 1998, pp. 35. Reniers Perceval, the springs of Virginia: Life, love and Death at the Waters, Carolina, University of North Carolina Press, 1941, pp. 89, 96.

Diversity Issues Essay Example for Free

Diversity Issues Essay It does not create a mouth-opening effect on us when we get to know any issue related to sexual harassment that is happening somewhere in the country, whether it is any organization, community, educational institution, or village. It is because there is no such country in the world that has totally eliminated this issue, even if they have, then other diversity issues such as, discrimination, hatred, and glass-ceiling occur. The paper would discuss an article about sexual harassment, analyze the legal concerns, and highlight the thoughts regarding the issue. Introduction Sexual harassment is a term that is used to define any act of harassment where a person or employee â€Å"makes continued, unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, to another employee, against his or her wishes† (Heathfield, 2010). Examples of Sexual Harassment There is not any specific way of harassing the opposite gender in the workplace; in fact, there are variety of ways that can be used depending on the circumstances. People pass on jokes, non-verbal gestures, or other offensive comments on the physique, dresses, or way of walking or talking of the other party. Touching and making some bodily connection also comes under sexual harassment, where patting someone’s back, holding him or her from waste, and scratching is done. Moreover, requests to the other party are made to have date even that party has refused before. And finally, sending emails or texts that contain some lewd text or pictures and playing sexy music are also part of sexual harassment. Legal Concerns Sexual harassment has increased to so much extent that now it is considered to be a common thing, which would not have any negative impact towards the organization or its performance. But in reality, it does have several legal concerns over the confidence and self-esteem of the harassed one, performance of the organization, violation of the ethical and moral principles, and also the corporate culture. Starting from the moral and ethical issues, one does not have any right to sexually harass anyone else in the workplace even if the other party does not entertain the offer or gets reluctant to it. It violates the ethical principles because one does not feel the sense of freedom where he or she is working, and since it is the workplace so protest or condemnation cannot be done openly. Second of all, it diverts the mind of both the harasser and harassee from their work since they continue to disturb and get disturbed from each other’s reactions. Therefore, the time is wasted and focus is not made on the everyday tasks, hence resulting in the decline in productivity of both parties. As far as the self-esteem and confidence of harassee is concerned, it gets hurt seriously because the harassee cannot openly raise voice in front of others to either protect him/her or complaint about the harasser. Moreover, there is a great chance of other people perceiving the harassing situation as the consensual relationship or flirting of both the parties, which might degrade one’s image. Not only this, once the rumors about sexual harassment being happening in an organization spread, it exacerbates company’s image and so many of the women or minorities would hesitate to join it in the future. Thoughts and Beliefs This growing issue in the workplaces have tarnished the image of many organizations and as well as the countries where minorities are harassed either sexually or for some other purpose. Although this is a silent issue that has not been considered to deal at the upper level either by the companies or governments; nevertheless, employees are the only one who can help themselves and get out if this nuisance. Sexual harassment can be prevented by the organizations if they develop and introduce certain stiff rules about the issue, which ensure that whoever is found to be harassing others would either be fired or suspended. Of course, the employer would not want this issue to prevail in the company so the harassee must complain secretly to the immediate boss or manager who could take the issue seriously in dealing with it. Also, harassee must have proper proofs and records of harassment been done by the harasser, so that he or she could take legal actions against the harasser and let him or her face the music (Heathfield, 2010). This would not be it; in fact the role of government and law-making bodies is very decisive here that can introduce certain laws especially for the workplaces where sexual harassment usually takes place. Once the rules are implemented, the issue would certainly take a rain check and minimize. Conclusion Therefore, there are many diversity issues prevailing in the organizations, one of them is sexual harassment that involves the passing of certain remarks, words, jokes, or some physical contact with the other party. Its outcomes are quite gloomy where the performance level of employees goes down, image is tarnished and corporate and ethical principles are violated. The issue can be managed by taking action on-the-spot by the harassee and the employer, and also by implementing stiff rules and regulations. References Heathfield. S. M. (2010). Address an Employee Sexual Harassment Complaint. Retrieved on August 4, 2010. From http://humanresources. about. com/cs/workrelationships/ht/sexualharass. htm Heathfield. S. M. (2010). Sexual Harassment. Retrieved on August 4, 2010. From http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossarys/a/sexualharassdef. htm

The Development Of Technology In Travel Industry Tourism Essay

The Development Of Technology In Travel Industry Tourism Essay According to unknown, 2012 in the hospitality industry, it is absolutely vital that companies stay on top of consumer demand in an attempt to maintain their competitive advantage. In the current technologically driven business industry, it has become increasingly important for businesses to utilize every bit of information and data collected from current and potential customers when examining ways of remaining competitive in the hospitality industry. Pertaining to (William et` al, 1999) delivering quality service in the hospitality industry can be a major challenge facing hospitality managers in the opening years of the next millennium. It will be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly competitive, global hospitality markets. While the future importance of delivering quality hospitality service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and intriguing management issues. Since the delivery of hospitality service always involves people, these issues center on the management of people, and in particular on the interactions between guests and staff, interactions that are called service encounters. In the eyes of our guests, our hospitality businesses will succeed or fail depending on the cumulative impact of the service encounters in which they have participated. Hospitality industry would include hotels, restaurant and other related tourism organizations. This means that the tourists have to encounter with staffs, therefore the industries have to have good customer representative that can communicate with their guest and help them resolve their issues. There are three elements in the hospitality which motels. Includes restaurant that provide beverages and food entertainment by the theatre and accommodation provide by the industrial service. In the service delivery in the hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses there are little are no differences because they both have good customer service which is very important in both industries, they both provide quality service to increase their revenue and to ensure that they satisfy their customer needs and want in the industry. The significant impact on the development of technology in travel and tourism industry Technology in travel and tourism industry in today world control and deliver swiftness and power your need to achieve your business ambitions. It is also delivers effective solution to meet their customers precise business needs increasing profit and work rate improving customer relation and decreasing cost. However you can depend on technology with the travel and tourism industry to improve the communication process. When communicating with technology you save time and money wisely and disengage from computer frequently to communication in person and help people to keep in touch with co-workers and traders in need of information. therefore technology in the industry improve the communication process, poorly design are in appropriately use technology can inner communication with workers more than it helps and it can be used in the industry to find explore analysis to exchange and present information responsively without discrimination, it also increase internationally and has speed u p the process of globalization. According to Rosendo (cuyasen, 2012), New Technology and media has changed the way of tourism. Travelers turn to the internet to research on potential destinations and do bookings online. They even include sharing their experiences of the trips they go to. The executive director of Ctrip.com said that consumers know more about the industry and travel businesses cannot make money from the information gap anymore. The past ten years has empowered consumers greatly. A great majority of travelers do their search online for bookings, travel guides and visas. According to John Liu, the executive vice-president and head of Greater China at Google, 85% of travelers do their research on the net and the average traveler does 55 online searches before a booking. Comparing and looking for information is very easy now and all kinds of information are available on the internet. Pertaining to Keith Evans, (Evans, 1999-2012) with the explosion of technological advancements in the mid and late 20th century, tourists discovered increasing access to a growing array of destinations. From promoting destinations and attracting traveler attention to enabling instant reservations and payment collection, communication technology continues to exhibit a significant impact on the tourism industry and travel in general. Communication technology plays a considerable role in travel and tourism, as much of modern tourism revolves around the ability of tourist destinations to communicate their benefits to potential visitors and the ability of those visitors to reach out to points of interest at the destination. Advantages and disadvantages of technology in the travel and tourism industry According to leelingz, (leelingz, 2011) nowadays, technology has advanced in tremendous leaps and bounds. We cannot imagine the world without technological advances such as computer, televisions, and machines and so on. However there are some advantages and disadvantages of technology. First of all, technologies play a very important role in society because it makes life easier to live on and less time consuming. Technology has the ability to create shortcuts in working. People do not have to do all the hard labor anymore. People use technology to plan their trip which makes it more convenient and easy. They can research destination to their own pace, shop around for the best fares and hotel deals, and make reservations right from your computer. On the contrary, technology also brings harm to our society. The booming of industrialization and development causes pollutions to our world. For example, the smoke from the vehicles and machines affects the quality of air and destroy the ozo ne layer. In addition, technologies also create financial problems in families because most of the technologies are expensive like computers. People that cannot afford to buy this kind of technology will live in a stressful life. On my views the important of technology in the travel and tourism industry is to get information through research, help to increase the organization revenue, to get information across to their customers and other related organizations, delivers great speed, reach audience that is physically separated from the sender and increase access ability and openness in an organization and bad part about technology is that it can create tension and conflict, easy to be over used, often lack privacy and can seriously drain employment productivity. But in my case without technology the industry could not keep up their infrastructure to keep attracting the visitor and keep the place in order. Community base tourism According to (oikos, 2009) Community based tourism is tourism in which local residents (often rural, poor and economically marginalized) invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. Community based tourism enables tourists to discover local habitats and wildlife, and celebrates and Respects traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom. The community will be aware of the commercial and social value placed on their natural and cultural heritage through tourism, and this will foster community based conservation of these resources. Community-based tourism affords travelers with rare opportunities to experience local communities first hand. Its distinctive in that it provides an alternative to development thats not sustainable, giving rural and poor communities an additional source of income. In supporting community-based tourism, you can immerse yourself in the day-to-day lives of local and indigenous people while helping them to preserve their environment and cultural heritage. The residents earn income as land managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees. At least part of the tourist income is set aside for projects which provide benefits to the community as a whole. Tourists will spend time near areas that are rich in culture and biodiversity, and, at the same time, will get to know the locals at the grassroots level. Many successful experiences in development countries prove that tourism can become a leading sector for the people who conserve natural resources and live on it. Local people of these countries jointly cooperate in Community Based Tourism and this gives not only economic benefits for them but also becomes an example of community involved decision making. A community by definition implies individuals with some kind of collective responsibility, and the ability to make decisions by representative bodies. Localsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ participation, traditional culture, cross-cultural issues and raise of local income are basic principles of tourism and it is fundamental to get more in depth for development countries where tourism is dominantly operate by great foreign companies. Usually familiesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ interviews make obvious that locals are interested to take part in tourism activities but they donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t know how. Often the creation of Community Based Tourism is the best solution for local people or at least a great help for them for example in these countries where the main income is from livestock and the desertification, the spread of unproductive land deprived of vegetation, is one of the main concerns. Community Based Tourism is the jointly planned and managed tourism activities of local group: this new business never can be the main or only income source of the communities and cooperatives but can be additional income possibility. Issues like generating additional incomes for locals and reducing impacts on environment are included in the government policy about tourism, but there has been little implementation and no integrated policy at the national level. The pros and cons of community base tourism Base on the information of (mozer, 1995-2012)Advantage -depending upon implementation some of these can turn into disadvantages. Employment- (1 emp/1000 tourist) labor intensive, few administrative positions, little upward mobility. Infrastructure development -roads, water, electricity, telecom and cybercom, but not necessarily local priorities. Cultural preservation- economic incentives to preserve food, fashion, festivals and physical history, but these tend to be superficial elements of a culture. Environmental protection- econ incentives to preserve nature, wildlife and urban cleanliness. Foreign exchange .generates resources to import food, pharmaceuticals, technology, consumer goods. Development of health care services -those these arent always available to local people. Disadvantages -depending upon implementation some of these can turn into advantages. Cultural destruction-(modernization world mono-culture), freezes culture as performers, loss: language, religion, rituals, material culture. primary products- sun, sand, surf, safari, suds, ski, sex (little value added, neo-colonialism) Environmental destruction -game drives, resorts: golf, ski, beach, desert, world as playground, SUV. Marginal employment -low skill, low wage, menial services, prostitution, drug trade, gambling, hustlers. Low benefits -no job security, no health care, no organizing, and no work safety rules or environ standards. Development of illegal and/or destructive economic activities- markets for drugs, endangered species, etc. Outside hiring- skilled middle and senior management recruited out of the area and transferred in. Concentration employment -walled resort enclaves. seasonal employment Outside decision making-decisions made outside of the area, corporate dollars corrupt government. Unrealistic expectations-divert young people from school and brighter futures. anti-democratic collusion- industry support of repressive governments Land controlled by the elite -people relocated, agriculture eliminated, prohibited from N.P. negative lifestyles (STDs- substance abuse, begging, hustling diverted and concentrated development -airport, roads, water, electricity to tourist destinations, development not accessible to locals little forex stays in country -airplanes, vehicles, booze, hot air balloons, generally have foreign owners package programs Cruises -eat and sleep on board so the economic benefit to the ports-of-call is very thin and limited. Unstable market -fickle, affected by local and world events, generally highly elastic. Health tourism -traveling to get medical procedure at lower cost has its own set of unique challenges, which include: Determining the credential, skills and quality of the facility and personnel. Language communication challenges on topics requiring a lot of details, sometimes even when both parties seemingly speak the same language. Different cultural issues and expectations around health care and the body. Post-treatment complications, after the tourist has left the facility.

The Detrimental Effects of Global Warming Essay examples -- Expository

The Detrimental Effects of Global Warming The morning sun begins to shed its light on the city below. Turning off the alarm, James removes his Dexcron SleepInhaler 4000 to breathe in what little oxygen he can. Feeling light-headed, he quickly dresses into the day’s apparel consisting of a climate controlled, blue bio-suit and an oxygen tank. Today marks the first day of the month so he turns his calendar as he walks towards the door. He closes the door wondering what caused the world to be this way. All he can remember is that the temperature has been rising since he was born and the hottest day on record, 122 degrees in Cleveland, was recorded last week. Exposing himself to the outdoor elements, he waits for the public shuttle in the sweltering early morning heat of September 1, 2036. The issue of global warming is a very complex one. While it revolves around pollution and other factors, the basic principle stems from the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural process resulting from various atmospheric components like water vapor and carbon dioxide trapping the Sun’s energy in the lower atmosphere (Gille). This trapped energy causes the Earth’s temperature to rise. Without this process, the global temperature would be a frigid 10 degrees below zero (Salmon). Some scientists believe that human industrialization is increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to rise. The resulting theory is global warming. Yes, the possible results of global warming should be a concern of the global community and burning fossil fuels cannot be beneficial, but nature is to blame, not human negligence. People who believe in the theory of global warming have justi... ...ohn C. â€Å"Greenhouse Effect.† World Book. 1994. â€Å"Global Warming ‘Consensus’ Claim Doesn’t Hold Water.† National Center for Public Policy Research. 8 Feb. 1998. 4 Dec. 2002 . Gore, Al. â€Å"Immediate Measures Should Be Taken to Combat Global Warming.† Bender, David, Ed. Global Warming: Opposing Viewpoints. New York: Greenhaven, 1997. Jastrow, Robert. â€Å"The Magnitude of Global Warming Will Not Be Extreme.† Bender, David, Ed. Global Warming: Opposing Viewpoints. New York: Greenhaven, 1997. â€Å"New Science on Global Warming.† Natural Resources Defense Council. 27 Sep. 2002. 5 Dec. 2002 . Salmon, Jeffrey. â€Å"Global Warming Does Not Pose A Serious Threat.† Bender, David, Ed. Global Warming: Opposing Viewpoints. New York: Greenhaven, 1997.

How to safely ride :: essays research papers

How To Safely Ride A Dirt Motorcycle 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Racing, hill climbing, jumping, and performing dangerous tricks on a dirt bike sounds like fun, however it can get   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  very dangerous. A. I will inform you how to be a safe dirt biker. B. I have experience in this field from dealing with many aspects on this sport, negative and positive. I have   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  realized that safety is the most important factor. C.When dirt bike riding, it is very important to be in touch with your personal gear, familiar with bike trails, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  biking behaviors. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being correctly suited in your personal gear is the first important factor of dirt bike riding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. The helmet and goggles protect your eyes and head. Boots,shin guards, gloves, pants, jersey, knee pads,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  elbow pads, chest protector, and the kidney belt should all be put on to protect you from unexpected accidents. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When riding on a bike trail always beware of your surroundings. A. Certain trails are designated for certain off road vehicles. Always travel on designated trails, pay attention to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   all signs that tell whether a trail is open or closed to OHV use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Signs indicating trail ratings and one-way trails are posted at each trailhead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. Always ride within your skill level. From easiest to most difficult, a green circle, blue square, and black   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   diamond are signals representing the difficulty of a trail. These signals indicate the expertise needed to ride that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   trail under normal condition. Use these signs as a reminder of which trails are suitable for you. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Always use good judgment when involved with dirt biking activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Know your vehicle, read the owners manual, and use common sense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.Don’t ride alone, ride with experienced riders. If for some reason you are planning to ride alone, always tell a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  responsible person where you are traveling and when you will return. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being ready, and equipped for an emergency is a must when dirt biking because you will never know when you   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  will be stranded or in a life or death situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A.. Most importantly, make sure to carry drinking water, a first-aid kit, map and compass, warm clothes, water-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  proof matches, emergency lights, and repair tools.

The Lost Thing Belonging by Shaun Tan

â€Å"More than anything else, belonging is about finding a sense of place in the world. † Do you agree? Argue your point of view, referring to Shaun Tan’s â€Å"The Lost Thing†. Achieving a sense of place in the world, mentally and physically, allows an individual to feel an awareness of belonging – a feeling unobtainable through little else. Places where imagination and distinctiveness are condemned force those who adapt to live a dull reality that holds no challenges or freedom of thought. Minority groups are set apart from the majority, with the mainstream becoming blind to those who are excluded simply because they don’t fit society’s standards.Shaun Tan’s â€Å"The Lost Thing† explores a world that directly reflects society and its inability to accept indifferences. Through Tan’s use of film techniques such as tones, costuming, and camera shots, the audience is able to have an increased understanding of belonging an d the necessity of finding a sense of place in the world. Until an individual is able to find a place where they feel security and a sense of identity, they are unable to belong in the world. Conforming to a society that eradicates individuality and creativity results in a mundane existence without challenges and freethinking.The fundamental need to belong can consequently see many altering themselves in order to fit society and its perceptions. A monotone narrative voiceover introduces the premise of the film, as the young protagonist reveals his wavering ability to remember stories that use to humour and amaze. Amused by the irony of his reflection, â€Å"I used to know a whole lot of pretty interesting stories, some of them so funny you would laugh yourself unconscious†¦but I can’t remember any of those†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the audience’s rapport with this character is immediately established.Sepia tones are juxtaposed with the bright colouration of the lost thing p ortraying a dichotomy between the industrialised world and the misplaced ‘Thing’. Curiosity and a sense of trepidation lure the protagonist and the audience simultaneously. A playful bell on the Lost Things tolls waking the creature, which is followed by an increased diegetic sound including a growl, further displaying Tan’s use of dichotomy to create a distinction between the mechanical aspects of the society that the ‘lost thing’ has found itself in and its own gentleness.Dull and uniformed costuming of the members in society highlights the suppression of individuality in a conformed society. Dirty off-white coloured prison-like uniforms with numbering imprinted on each uniform illuminates to the responder their imprisonment and insignificant existence. A mob of members of society is seen walking in one direction, together. This use of synchronized choreography exhibits their subconsciously controlled lives. Their robotic movement implies their los s of independent thought, forcing the responder to evaluate their own society.It becomes clear to the audience that more than anything, belonging is about finding a sense of place in the world encouraged by the use of these film techniques. As conforming is blatantly the prominent theme throughout Shaun Tan’s â€Å"The Lost Thing†, Tan expresses that following a society where imagination is lost can lead to mere existence rather than having purpose, yet the protagonist conforms nonetheless. Tan stresses that although conforming might not be ideal it is by doing this that an individual is able to gain a sense of place in the world and consequently feel as though they belong.The majority of society is blinded to the ostracised minority, as they don’t follow the preordained path. The protagonist in this short film only finds the lost thing by chance, while no one else pays attention to ‘the thing’, as they have lack of sight for things they don’ t ideally fit into their lives. An engaging panning shot around the ‘thing’ when the protagonist finds the ‘lost thing’ emphasizes the singularity of the ‘thing’ he has found, reflecting specific groups that don’t adhere to society’s perceptions of normality.The responder, consequently, is influenced to feel sympathetic towards those in society who don’t inherently know where they belong. Subtle allusion utilised when the protagonist goes to pick up what he believes will be a bottle top for his collection, but unintentionally discovers the thing, introduces the concept that individuals who have molded to society are blinded to any of their surroundings that don’t coincide with society’s expectations. It is implied to the audience that unless those that are different manage to intrude on the activities of popular society they would go unnoticed due to the subconsciously encouraged blindness.The audience is humo ured by the idea that due to his lack of sight the protagonist was unable to see the huge object that is soon discovered as the ‘thing’, but instead took notice of the small bell buried in the sand next to it, for which he probably mistook as a bottle top. This literal sightlessness is further enforced by the repetition of a specific line in the dialogue of the narrative voiceover, â€Å"†¦too busy doing other stuff I guess† that is used when talking about how the ‘lost thing’ or ‘things’ go unnoticed.Specifically the very last lines, â€Å"I see that kind of thing less and less these days†¦maybe I just stopped noticing, too busy doing other stuff I guess† leads the responder to assume that the protagonist has been absorbed into society and so has inadvertently gained that blindness, allowing him to be able to simply ignore the presence of the minority. Through this line, the responder is now left feeling sorry for not o nly the ‘lost thing’ but for the protagonist as well.Symbolic representation, or the presence of the street-like arrow signs elucidate that society believes there is a path you must take, except that the chaos and disorder of these signs in many of the scenes suggests that following one particular path is difficult and that you shouldn’t have to just follow one path when there are so many to choose from. The responder is forced to question how a society can decide what particular path everyone is meant to take if there are ultimately hundreds of options.The ludicrousness of conformity in a collective group of people is highlighted due to the use of this technique. Suppression of minority groups makes it difficult for the excluded to feel as if they belong. Through demonstrating that not belonging comes from feeling as if they have no place in the world Shaun Tan successfully instills the belief in the responder that without a possibility of belonging in a physica l place it is not possible to belong in any sense.Through finding a location where one can feel a sense of acceptance an individual can achieve belonging, more than anything else. Conforming to society, although not necessary or ideal, can allow an individual to gain this feeling, even if it means adapting to dull surroundings that lead to nothing more than a mundane existence. Suppressed groups find it difficult to belong as they have no ability to feel ‘at home’ in a location, but through understanding this it is possible to apprehend that it truly is a sense of place that allows a genuine sense of belonging.Shaun Tan uses many film techniques to successfully display these concepts and ensure the responder is able to also grasp them. Tan’s â€Å"The Lost Thing† ultimately displays a metaphoric world that reflects our own society and encourages us to question our own behaviours. More than anything else, belonging is about finding a true sense of place in the world.

Eleven, Inc. Case

Major Differences There are many differences between the situations In Japan and the U. S. That made the Japanese 7-Eleven experience with prepared foods significantly different than that of the U. S. Stores. First, â€Å"convenience stores In Japan faced little competition from gas station mini-markets, and until the early sass they benefited from government regulation that limited the size and operating hours of large- and medium-size stores† (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 4). Contrary to Japan, 7-Eleven stores In the u. s. Were faced with fierce competition from a variety of convenience stores with ere similar business models.Convenience stores in Japan made a commitment to provide expediency in all aspects of daily life. Such stores sold takeaway lunch boxes, rice balls, ready-to-serve dishes, bread and various drinks (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Japanese stores based their business model on customer needs and convenience. â€Å"To ensure that customers received fresh quality products, food items were prepared continuously and delivered to the stores three times daily. The strategic locations of preparation plants combined with the high store density, required minimal travel stance and therefore facilitated the speed and ease of deliveries (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 7). U.S. Stores, however, failed to focus on convenience needs as they changed. According to Bell & Hogan (2004) people wanted new products and services and the company did not keep pace; instead, the company fell into the trap of defining market share in terms of number of stores, and they stopped creating value in each new store. Additionally, U. S. Stores â€Å"never paid much attention to its Japanese licensee, and therefore never realized that† 7-Eleven had reinvented the store with the fresh food concept (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 2). Strengths & Weaknesses Keyes shared the vision implemented in Japanese stores, concentrating on fresh food sales.He did this by adopting the fresh food concept to offer total convenience to consumers. In order to get all franchisees on board, Keyes required stoneware to buy a significant portion of their merchandise from approved vendors, and in turn allowed for more leverage of the system (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Keyes also utilized Austin, Texas as a test market (Bell & Hogan, 2004). This allowed the company to test various lines of food and pricing options. Perhaps the most Important element of the 7-Eleven overhauls In the United States was the Implementation off chain wide proprietary retail Information system.Mulching this from 7-Eleven Japan, the system was designed to enable each store to Improve Inventory management efforts (Bell & Hogan, 2004). Keyes missed the boat by not being more in touch with the customer. According to Bell & Hogan (2004) 7-Eleven's Temperamental weaknesses were Invisible Decease ten company was using ten wrong measures. The company failed to create value in each store and pay close attention to changing trends a nd customers' needs. Additionally, 7-Eleven's failure to constantly innovate and change, as convenience needs changed affected the company's the success (Bell & Hogan, 2004).Marketing Efforts In order to make the most of its new capabilities and vision, 7-Eleven U. S. Should undertake various marketing efforts. First, the company should monitor customer- buying patterns to maximize sales by staying stocked on popular items, managing product assortment and merchandising effectively. Understanding that this industry is highly competitive, 7-Eleven must create a marketing strategy that is refined by tidying consumer trends and in-store traffic. This would allow the company to affectively track buying trends.Ultimately, this would keep the organization up to date on convenience needs as they change, allowing marketing efforts to be focused in both areas of strength and weakness. Furthermore, since gasoline sales contribute to increased traffic, it is imperative that 7-Eleven stores sell gasoline at as many locations as possible. Implications Should 7-Eleven's prepared food initiative prove successful, there will be a significant increase in measurable competition in the industry. Being that this sector s already highly competitive, convenience stores need to find ways to differentiate themselves from the competition.Introducing fresh foods will be one way to do so. The success fresh foods would bring to the industry would be game changing. Typically the general image of a U. S. Convenience store encompasses â€Å"cigarettes behind the counter, nonfood items displayed on the counter, magazines in front† (Bell & Hogan, 2004, p. 17). However changing the perception of convenience would not only attract new markets but also penetrate current markets. Ultimately, competitors in this industry would need to rethink both merchandising and arresting strategies to ensure they were aligned with the likes of 7-Eleven.As society places a larger emphasis on convenience a nd freshly prepared food, the outlook for 7-Eleven's freshly prepared food offerings is promising. Specifically, recent trends indicate that while there is a push towards health conscious, yet convenient selections, consumers are favoring this option. Furthermore, the key innovation opportunity is to keep innovating with food and taste trends surrounding convenience and health (Carroll, 2011). Since convenience stores aren't typically noted for having such eating options, management must work to ensure they successfully rebind their image.

Gas Turbine

Types of ventilation – Induced draft ventilation – Turbine ,Acc module – Positive ventilation- LGB, Exhaust Ventilation System Design features †¢ Induced Draft Ventilation †¢ Number of compartments †¢ Accessory compartment †¢ Turbine compartment †¢ Aft compartment †¢ Generator Enclosure †¢ 2 X 100 % Roof mounted centrifugal fans †¢ Auto change over †¢ Fan outlet gravity dampers, CO2 dampers and silencers provided †¢ Enclosure Air inlet hoods with filter panels †¢ Slow cool down fan provided for Turbine compartmentFan sizing Accessory compartment Heat load criteria: †¢ Q = Heat Rejection = 104000 (BTU/Hr) = 436. 8 ( Kcal/min) †¢ Design compartment temp – 600 C at ambient of 430 C †¢ Fan provided : 2 x 10,000 CFM at 3. 5 inch WC static pressure †¢ The calculated temp raise with selected air flow 7. 80 C †¢ Static Pressure selected considering drop across suction filter, inlet, ex it, silencer and ducting Number of air changes criteria: †¢ Volume Of the Acc Comp = 278 m3 †¢ Number of Air change/Hr = 60 (Meets NFPA and DEP 31. 29. 70. 31 requirements)Fan sizing Turbine compartment Heat load criteria: †¢ Q = Heat Rejection = 1273469 (BTU/Hr) = 5348 ( Kcal/min) †¢ Design compartment temp – 1200 C at ambient of 430 C †¢ Fan provided : 2 x 26,000 CFM at 3. 5 inch WC static pressure †¢ The calculated temp raise with selected air flow 300 C †¢ Static Pressure selected considering drop across suction filter, inlet, exit, silencer and ducting Number of air changes criteria: †¢ Volume Of the Acc Comp = 215 m3 †¢ Number of Air change/Hr = 185 (Meets NFPA and DEP 31. 29. 70. 31 requirements)Vent Fan Drawing Typical Accessory Compartment Fan Curve †¢ Fan BHP : 5. 53 kw †¢ Motor selected- 8 kw †¢ Motor Data: †¢ 4pole – 415V,3Ph TEFC †¢ Motor ambient Temp. 650 C †¢ Insulation class â₠¬â€œ H ( Temp raise limited to class B) †¢ Flame proof NEC Class 1 Div 2 Gr C&D Turbine Compartment Fan Curve †¢ Fan BHP : 15. 45 kw †¢ Motor selected- 19 kw †¢ Motor Data: †¢ 4pole – 415V,3Ph TEFC †¢ Motor ambient Temp. 650 C †¢ Insulation class – H ( Temp raise limited to class B) †¢ Flame proof NEC Class 1 Div 2 Gr C&D Exhaust Frame Blower (Fr6) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Two motor driven centrifugal Blowers Inlet screen & silencer Air to turbine shell, exhaust frame via strut passages (Annular space) Flow:2470 CFM with two fans in operation Emergency:1860 CFM with one fan in operation Motor rating :50HP GT Auxiliaries GT Auxiliaries EXHAUST FRAME BLOWERS EXHAUST FRAME BLOWER GT Auxiliaries MIST ELIMINATOR Removes oil mist entrained in the LO vapor – Flow rate 😕 SCFM – Demister pads(8No’s)-SS316 wire mesh – Coalescing filter element(99. 97% for droplets and particles 0. micron a nd larger) – Outlet oil content not more than 5ppm by weight – Centrifugal blowers (2 No’s) and motors(11kw each) OUT LET FILTER CASING INLET BLOWER & MOTOR GT Auxiliaries GT Auxiliaries MIST ELIMINATOR – High speed rotating machinery: High temperature and shearing action in bearings generates a large volume of very fine oil mist (droplets) plus a considerable amount of vapor – Oil mist and oil vapor is vented from the lube oil tank, it causes a visible plume – Stringent environmental laws and regulations at all government levels – Coalescers combine small aerosols through the filter media to form large droplets.

Education Is Not a Preparation for Life; Education Is Life Itself Essay

It is the lack of higher education in several sections of my country concerns me. This dearth of education is what is restricting us from touching new heights of glory. In the erstwhile days, emphasis was given on garnering education which made our country prosper. The gradual decline in the number of literate people in the medieval times resulted in disparity in the society, gave birth to superstitions and social evils. Education can rescue a community from succumbing to superstitions and myths. I believe that education is the great leveler in society. It brings everyone on equal footing. To overcome the evils of corruption, disappointment, and terrorism, education is imperative. Only literate people know the difference between right and wrong. Only the literate people know the vital values of compassion and selflessness. Education is what endows people with the wisdom of spending their time fruitfully. It dissuades us from the path of destruction and brings peace in the world. Obtaining an education is a person’s passport to one’s future, it brings upon numerous opportunities for an individual to better themselves, their life, and one another. â€Å"Our quest for knowledge is something we should never complete, because it is a desire that we should never resist.† In other words, in every quest you find yourself upon, you foresee the answer and experience life has thrown at you, including the acceptance of its successes and failures. Education is the best thing that has ever happened to me. It has opened my eyes up to who I am and shown me what I really want to do in my life, and has shown what I can potentially give back to society. Indubitably, education gives us more choices in life, ultimately allowing us to leave an imprint on society. We may plan to design sky-scarpers or develop data storage techniques on the spin of electrons. We may do whatever we want to with the power of education in our hands. Education is the essence of culture, vital for the development of our values and virtues. It teaches us how to lead our lives and transforms us into mature individuals capable of planning for our future. Education always leads us to enlightenment and broadens our perspective towards life. It removes the impending barriers in the way of our success. It leads to the progress of society as a whole and propagates healthy attitudes. Education is the only power that can take any country to the pinnacle of success and glory. Indian government has taken a lot of initiatives to promote education in the remotest of areas. There is provision of free primary education and mid day meals at the schools. But, many more such initiatives are required to bring a tangible change. Comprehensive mass awareness programmes are still needed. Volunteers willing to bring the education to the doorsteps of those who need it are required. I know an example is better than a precept. I am also willing to contribute in whichever way I can to this noble cause.

Analysis of the steel production company POSCO

Analysis of the steel production company POSCO 1. Introduction The project that started with a few people at the city of Pohang at the East coast of Korea has today grown to the company that most of us knows as POSCO. Today POSCO is not only among the top steelmakers in the world in terms production, but also in terms of technology has the company captured one of the leading positions. More specifically the company is today the third biggest steelmaker in terms of production, and has earlier figured as number before different mergers and acquisitions changed this status. POSCO has succeeded by constantly investing in new production facilities and new technologies. This is underlined by their slogan: â€Å"Resources are limited; Creativity is unlimited†. POSCO was founded in cooperation with the Korean government, which wished to create a local supply of steel. Thus, POSCO has always been highly dependant on the Korean market and the Korean government. Even today this dependence is preserved, emphasized by POSCO having 72% of their sales in Korea (Business and Company Resource Center, 2010). However POSCO is also starting to position themselves at the global market, where the patterns of competition is completely different than the ones at their home market. This paper will examine the position of POSCO at the Korean market as well as the global market, and what kind of possibilities and challenges they are facing in order to prosper. The role of technology development plays a crucial role in this matter. Despite being an old and established industry, steel production is highly dependant on the development of technology, especially in terms of new processes of production. The paper should therefore also take into consideration how POSCO will succeed in further improving their technological competencies in order to stay competitive. The structure of the paper will be as follows: After the introduction some theoretical considerations in relation to the paper will be provided. Second, a presentation of POSCO, including its historical development as well as a short presentation of steelmaking will be provided. Third, the competitive market of the steel industry that POSCO are acting in will be analysed through the model, Porter’s five forces. After this, the technological development within POSCO will be described and analysed. At last, the future challenges in terms of technology strategy and the possibilities improving their position in the market will be analysed. These will be complemented by some specific recommendations on how to prosper. 2. Theoretical Considerations This study will consist of a business strategic part as well as a technology strategic part. The aim of the paper is to explain how the technology strategy of POSCO can be utilized in order to carry out the business strategy of the company, ultimately leading to a sustainable competitive advantage. At the business strategy level this paper seeks to combine the market-based view (Porter, 1980) and the reso urce-based view (Barney, 1991; Prahalad & Hamel, 1990). The paper adopts an outward-in perspective, starting out by analysing the current market situation of POSCO. For this purpose a Porter’s five forces model is used. By making this analysis it becomes visible what kind of position POSCO holds in their current competitive environment, and how they can eventually use their internal resources, more specifically technologies, to obtain a more favourable position relative to their nearest competitors. The resource-based view is not applied in the same systematic way, but rather as a mean to understanding the importance of technology development for the overall resources of the company.

How might the recent consultation on No Secrets impact on social work Essay

How might the recent consultation on No Secrets impact on social work practice in safeguarding adults Draw on your knowledge of the personalisation agenda to inform your discussion - Essay Example This paper could also be in terms of seeking to identify and execute pre-designed projects. Again, Department of Health, (DoH) the Home Office (HO) and the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) launched a national consultation on the review of the No Secrets guidance. This consultation paper was about how the public, especially vulnerable people should identify and manage risk, particularly as efforts are being made to move towards increasing choice and control for people with learning and other kinds of disabilities. Through this paper, a critical analysis is being directed on of how the recent consultation on No secrets impacted social work practice in relation to safeguarding adults. It needs to draw from knowledge of the personalisation agenda. At the outset, it is necessary to know how the national framework paper No Secrets defines vulnerable person. According to it, â€Å"A Vulnerable adult is any person aged 18 or over who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of: Thus it becomes to understand and explain about the aspects of personalisation. In effect â€Å"This means that every person who receives support, whether provided by statutory services or funded by themselves, will be empowered to shape their own lives and the services they receive in all care settings.† (An introduction to personalisation, 2008). It also means that the degree of care and standards of providing high quality health services becomes a sine quo non in as far as health services in the UK context are concerned. It could also be in terms of the fact that vulnerable persons, people who may be higher degree of susceptible to abuses, either of psychological or physical nature, need to be afforded a better degree of care and attention that normal people. This is because these vulnerable people have a lower degree of physical and mental self defense mechanism than normal

Introduction about Al Hilla in Iraq Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction about Al Hilla in Iraq - Assignment Example During Muslim rule, it was a major centre of education and Islamic scholarship. Among its renowned scholars were the historian and astrologer Muhammad ibn Tawus al-Alawi al-Hasam (Singh, 2004: 425), and the Shia legalist recognised as the Imam of his time, Ahmad ibn al Mutawwaj (Cole, 2002: 34). The city is now predominantly occupied by Shias. All Hilla was also visited by the famous Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta in the 14th century on his way to Baghdad (Dunn, 1986: 97). At the time of the Usmanian (Ottoman) Empire, Al Hilla was a major administrative centre and it remained so during the period of the British Empire. In 1920, heavy fighting took place in the city during an uprising against the British, and in 2003, the city again witnessed heavy fighting against the US Army during the rule of Saddam Hussein. Over the past decade, Al Hilla has been the scene of several bomb attacks due to the American occupation of Iraq, but the situation is relatively peaceful once

Choose a critical perspective to analyse a current approach to Essay

Choose a critical perspective to analyse a current approach to leadership and present an argument to justify your choice - Essay Example Good leadership is likely to inspire others to take on attitudes, values, goals and make them behave in such a way that is good for the wellbeing of the group. In other words individual action could be transformed into group action with help of effective leadership (Zanna, 2003). As far as the definition of leadership is concerned different experts have defined leadership differently. According to John C Maxwell leadership is nothing but influence. On the other hand Warren Bennis said that "Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential."(Oklahoma State University, n.d.). In a broad perspective it can be said that leadership is essential for directing a team or management towards the accomplishment of objectives and goals. So a generally accepted definition would say that leadership is the ability of influencing a team or group in the directi on of accomplishing a set of objectives or goals. There could be several approach of leadership such as charismatic leadership, transformational leadership and transactional leadership. This paper provides an in-depth critical analysis of transformational leadership approach. The paper includes a critical perspective of the chosen approach as well as the main reasons of choosing this for analysis over the other approach. Transformational leadership is one of the most popular and most recent approaches of leadership. It has been a common topic of leadership theory. Since 1980 it has been researched by the management experts. Transformational leadership is an important part of the paradigm of â€Å"New Leadership†. According to Bass and Riggio the main reason behind the popularity of transformational leadership is its emphasis on the follower development and intrinsic motivation. Transformational leadership is the most relevant leadership approach in today’s uncertain

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

Marketing - Essay Example A personal touch with the customer, understanding his need, proper courtesy and a genuine smile is all that he longs for. It has something more to do with Max Weber bureaucracy or organizational pyramid (2) where everyone points a finger to the other one. In last two decade, the entire marketing scenario has gone through a paradigm shift and excellent customer service appears to be the deciding factor in this changing order. First of all, it is the sense of belonging, the proud ownership of the employees that literally change the face of the organization. The training of the employees that makes them serve the customer in a better manner plays the pivotal role. He should learn to communicate effectively, put a genuine smile in his face and be willing to serve his customer in every conceivable way. The stuffs should also know how to outmaneuver the customer without compromising the It is observed that a typical grocery shop stores 30,000 products and the owner answers same no of quarries. In supermarket the product listing may cross well past six digit marks but the product information which needs to be volunteered is surprisingly absent. The profit surges upwards if some subtle changes can be taken care of. For instance, Wal-Mart has a concerted return policy and a podium in every store where anyone can put a question regarding any service (3).The resultant outcome is a satisfied customer who returns again and again – to contribute to the profit of the organization. There can be multi pronged way to provide better customer care in a supermarket. Firstly, the proper motivations of the employees that work wonder. â€Å"At IBM, every one sells† as Buck Rodgers had put it in his best seller ‘The IBM Way’ (4) which should be the anthem of every supermarkets which aspires to make it big. From the doorman to the casher, every one needs to work in unison, compromising over everything except company ethics and profitability. The

Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government - Essay Example Also, according to Penalties for White Collar Crime (2012), â€Å"In addition to criminal penalties, many white collar offenses may give rise to civil lawsuits, brought either by the federal or state government, or by the victims of the offense. Any civil liability imposed as a result of these suits is in addition to, and not a substitute for, the penalties imposed in the criminal case† (pgh. 1). It is almost certain that this accountant will face state charges. Criminal federal charges may or may not be brought, depending upon the amount of the funds, and from where the funds were allegedly taken. These factors will determine what jurisdiction federal authorities will have in comparison with the local authorities. Of course, the defendant will not necessarily be charged with a felony depending upon how much money was allegedly embezzled. For example, in the state of Wisconsin, amounts of $2500 and up are considered felonies, while lesser amounts are considered misdemeanorsâ⠂¬â€so it really depends how much money was allegedly

Organizational behaviour - HRM report Assignment

Organizational behaviour - HRM report - Assignment Example The healthcare organization can be considered as one of the largest organization in terms of bed capacity and employee strength. The employee strength of the organization is 1000. The organization has adopted the workplace diversity aspect in the business operation process. Strong multicultural workforce of the organization states that the organization believes in workplace diversity. Human resource management is considered as one of the important organizational departments that help to manage the overall performance of the organization. The functions or the activities of human resource department includes recruitment, selection, orientation, training, performance management, leadership, motivation, performance management, performance appraisal, compensation, reward distribution and employee retention. Now-a-days, several organizations within the healthcare industry are trying to improve the human resource management practices in order to increase the efficiency in the business perfo rmance. Effective human resource management practices help the organizations to maintain effective workplace environment that influence the employees of the organization to improve their performance level. Efficiency in this human resource department helps the management of the organization to motivate its employees. Several healthcare organizations are trying to maintain strong workplace diversity as the management of these organizations believe that the knowledge sharing and skill of entire workforce can get increased due to having multicultural employees in the organization. An organization cannot manage a diverse workforce without having effective managerial and leadership skill. In addition to this, employee motivation can be considered as an important aspect as several motivational techniques or tools help an organization to maintain effective relationship with the effective and skilled employees. These aspects will help the organization to retain their skilled employees. In a ddition to this, effective human resource management practices can help an organization to maintain sustainability and corporate ethics in each and every business operation processes. It is highly important for an organization to develop and maintain strong relationship with the external and internal stakeholders in order to develop a strong image within the competitive industry. It is clear that the Red Line Hospital can be termed as one of the largest private hospital due to its 200 bed capacity. Moreover, the healthcare organization has 1000 multicultural employees. Therefore, it is important to analyze the efficiency of human resource department and organization behaviour of the organization. Kurt Lewin’s change management model, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg’s motivation theory has been discussed in this study with respect to the workplace diversity and organization behaviour of Red Line Hospital. Different types of leadership styles has been discusses in this study in order to help the organization to improve its multicultural workplace performance. Lastly, the assignment will

War 1812 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

War 1812 - Assignment Example The goal of antislavery Republicans was to restore the Union and abolish slavery. They wanted the war to continue until the attainment of these goals. Originally, Lincoln did not recognize emancipation as the war’s goal, but he was burdened by the escape of several slaves in the South (â€Å"The Civil War†). With the fate of the Union being at stake, Lincoln was primarily committed to save the Union. His prime concern was to save the Union with or without freeing the slaves. Events led to the surrender of Lincoln to the antislavery republicans’ pressure. This made slavery the prime factor in Civil War and made the abolition evolve as a strategy to preserve the Union and put an end to the rebellion. Therefore, the president drafted emancipation’s general proclamation which was finally issued on 22 September 1862 and signed and approved by Lincoln on 1 January 1863. Abolitionists were concerned after the war that since the emancipation proclamation was deriv ed from the wartime powers of Lincoln, its power might wane. End of slavery in the US was an event of global significance

Buffalo, New York Essay Example for Free

Buffalo, New York Essay Nature, in its core function, is the cause and effect relationship offered to things with ascertainable objectivity, happening without cause. From this we can easily conclude that the state of the nature of something that something being an object with â€Å"thing-hood†, as humorously described in class is its beginning purpose and generality. There are a few debatable definitions of nature, which at first glance are very similar. On hand, we have nature that is described as the first, inchoate, thing belonging to it. To put in simply an objects nature is its core material for example, the nature of my Odd Future Fitted tee-shirt is Cotton. As well we have nature described as quote on quote the shape or look. This statement points to nature as the stereo-type or look of an object, for example, my MacBook does not have the nature of a MacBook unless it assumes the look of a generic looking MacBook. When looking at these definitions it is hard to find a large degree of difference as the stereo-typical MacBook is not only composed of parts generally used to construct a MacBook, but also its acceptance and appearance as a MacBook. For clarification we can use Aristotles example of a doctor healing himself. A artisan of medicine does not have the nature of a Healer, as that would imply that he attained this skill naturally, which is not true. For something to have nature said nature must come into being without cause. Therefor it is safe to assume that the Healer, whom is an artisan of medicine, is a Healer, but has the nature of a normal very day human. When speaking of nature Aristotle means the natures of particular things and would perhaps be better translated a nature a things. What causes differences amongst Laptops and people, even between two Healers? This can be answered by looking at chance. By chance variations are made upon things not to its nature, but to its physical or otherwise growth from its nature. For this reason we must assume that all things have a categorical nature, with variations to its structure. The term purpose can be applied to the science of nature because purpose is an integral part of nature its self. One can come to the conclusion that nature, being the first being thing-hood of an object, is parallel to its purpose by definition. Under these thoughts we inclusively described nature as the original cause or purpose of an object, with relation to its makeup, compositions and molecular materials. The grammatically correct sentence â€Å"Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo which means Buffalo New York bison, whom other Buffalo bison bully, themselves bully Buffalo New York Bison. This statement really speaks to the nature of words in the English language. Nature can be defined as living things in the natural world such as Animals, Humans, Plants, Protista, Fungus, and, various others. Theses thing are often associated with the natural world, one thing that is often called unnatural are the actions of humans, such as the making of plastic or unstable isotopes and mechanical constructs. Is it unnatural for humans to fly around in giant metal contraptions, is it natural to be able to cancel or postpone the effects of disease, is it unnatural to stop a potential pregnancy with just one pill, these are questions that one should ask when discussing the definition of nature or even human nature. According to the dictionarys definition of nature, humans are a part of nature. If this is true, then one can ascertain that all acts of the humans behaviors are quote on quote natural and will lead to natural consequences. What is the nature of humankind, many different philosophers during the renaissance have explored this thought. According to Wikipedia the distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling acting and reacting, that humans tend to have by their nature, independently of the influence of culture. In the eyes of Merriam-Webster human nature is the fundamental disposition and traits of humans, theories about the nature of humankind form a large part of every culture. It can be said that the nature of humans is that of a selfish, competitive, very social or altruistic. Some may even say that the true nature of humans is that of a selfish yet remarkably smart ape that is bent on destroying itself, or that they are the one true guardians of the planet earth, sent here by some unknown force to protect and safe guard for generations to come. Most people believe that humans were created by God, and can go through immense improvement if economical, and social conditions were reformed so that hunger, death, and disease could be wiped off the face of the earth. There are lots of people that would argue that nature of humans is innately bad. Looking throughout history there are a plethora of accounts in which humans have shown the less admirable side of our nature. It can be said that it is quite natural for humans to kill and degrade the lives of other human (it does happen on a regular bases). Humans in their natural state have a tendency for greed and selfish behavior, a need to satisfy their own wants and desires; which often comes at the expense of other living things, human or animal. Of course since Man is a part of nature, and there for all his action are natural, one can’t really say that these attributes are particularly good or bad they are natural.

Water Pumping System For Rural Applicatio Engineering Essay

Water Pumping System For Rural Applicatio Engineering Essay Water accessibility is more significant in present days .U.N i.e.[united nation ] estimate it will take nearly further than $90 billion in order to meet the current world deficits for clean water alone in 1980s Decade for water moving forward in 1990s it was clear that even with huge amount of money needs of water of tens of millions of citizens will not be meet by the end of Decade . although problems in delivering water has identified for so many years . reasonable and easiest way is to divert rainfall i.e. water due to rain by a gravity flow structure to the required site this process is not available in the world at least not on a regular or request basis . which is not achievable . General process for many years .manual pumping is been used even though this pump need regular maintenance and it should be attended. Their use is crucial to supply water. Throughout the world particularly for human consumption . This process is been selected by the U.N as the primary process in order to improve the supply of water. Pumping water from deep wells or moving water in large volume is not done very effectively by hand pump. It requires the use of mechanical powered pump .which is powered by engines or electric motor .powered engine systems are supplying water to big communities all over the world. Infrastructure of these big communities can supply fuel and maintenance required by the engine. Solar powered system or process is also available in large amount in the world. Which is powered by P.V i.e.[photovoltaic ] array or by wind generators . Photovoltaic system has established high reliability and lesser price as compare to another method in a huge ground of application. This report is about photovoltaic power pumping system in which it includes its installation including its simplicity of procurement and the required maintenance. Which explain about their rising reputation it is useful for intermediate application for agriculture requirement and in small villages. This report gives a methodology in choosing the finest system design for a particular purpose regularly a mixture of techniques can significantly reduce price and advance the dependability of a pumping system or make available of a flexible design in order to face a large range of application. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER Advantages The use of photovoltaic in solar systems accounts for long life expectancy of the system (more than 20 years). Solar facilities operated with little maintenance or intervention after initial setup. Solar power is pollution free. Solar electric generation is economically competitive where grid connection or fuel transportation is difficult, costly or impossible e.g satellites, remote locations, ocean vessels etc. Disadvantages P.V cells produce d.c which must be converted to A.C before using with A.C appliances To get enough energy for applications, a larger number of P.V cells are needed. This increases the cost. Solar cells are expensive, and require a large initial capital when purchasing. Two typical ways of using solar water pump are as follow: Using a battery by charging it with solar photovoltaic panel and with the help of that pump running the pump. Direct connecting between pump and the solar photovoltaic panel. Both this method also have their drawbacks which are as follow: Making use of batteries by charging it by solar pump and than using it to run the pump that mean we have to use two batteries while one is running at that time other one will be charging which makes it more costly. If we are connecting solar panel directly to the pump than the water will be pump only during the sun glowing. Introduction: The aim of this study work is to construct a solar based DC water pump which would be used in rural and isolated zones. There are ample amount of villages and towns who do not have the privilege of possessing electric current supplies in their respective areas. By taking a look at the current scenario of our present economic choric. The solar water pumping system would be a benefited boon to the people. It not only saves the electricity but also in turn saves the wealth i.e. the capital. It is only easily available in the market but can be constructed as well. The development of the human kind has derived n number of methods of developing a water pump. The different sources of power used by people as a form of energy are as follow: Human energy [man power]. Animal power [cows, ox to pull out water]. Hydro power [at water dames and water bund]. Wind power [solar water heater, solar cooker, etc]. Fuels such as diesel for small generator. The most common pumps used in the rural and isolated communities are hand pumps, borehole pump which are driven by fuel such as diesel, electric submersible pumps which are run by diesel generator last but not the least solar pump Following are the different types of pumps with their advantages and disadvantages Advantage Disadvantage Hand pump Can be easily manufactured locally Easy maintenance Less capital cost Fuel cost zero Trouncing of human efficiency Repeated and unproductive use of borehole Flow rates are minimal Animal power Prevailing than humans Subordinate remuneration than human power Dung used as cooking fuel Constant food requirement to be met for animal Regularly abstracted to other actions at critical irrigation periods Hydraulic pump No supervision required Fuel cost zero Effortless to preserve Stumpy expenditure Long life Lofty consistency Involve precise location settings Low output Wind pump No fuel required Easily manufactured locally Long life No supervision required Effortless to preserve Water has to be stored due to the scarcity of wind High project planning and system design needed Difficult to install Solar P.V Zero fuel cost Long life [20 years approx] Easily manufacture locally Minimum maintenance Can be easily installed No supervision required Water has to be cloudy stored for cloudy period Often undergoes repairing [skilled technicians required] Diesel gasoline pump Easily installed Minimal capital cost Used worldwide It is portable Fuel is expansive High maintenance Short life Result in noise fume pollution Aim: Is to construct a solar water pump constituting P.V array .which would convert solar energy in to electrical energy as direct current [DC]. Application of solar water pumps: Water supply for rural and isolated areas. Livestock watering. Irrigation. Village and water supply is very dominating. Though there is a very high demand of water storage for the period of low solar radiation during rainy season this demands can be met by rain water harvesting .the main application of solar water pumping are for livestock watering mainly in the U.S and Australia .village water system and livestock watering are used in Africa where as solar water pumping for irrigation are mainly used in countries like India and china where expositor of sun are very good. Technology: P.V pumps constituents of the following components the P.V array converts solar energy directly in to electricity as direct current [DC] .the pump is driven by an electric motor. All the different characteristic of these components ought to be matched to get the efficient result the pump motor unit has its own optimum speed and load depending on the type and the size of the pump. Motor: Two types of motor is being able to use such as DC motor or the AC motor .inverter is required if we are using AC motor .which exist more broadly .inverters have become low cost and are well organized. Electronic controller frequency -variable inverter is used mainly in solar pumping system. By which panel and the pump linking can be optimise in order to maintain and due to the method or the system is fewer proficient batteries are also required for a usual AC motor system . The permanent magnet motor is generally proficient for a DC motor and CD motors might contain carbon brushes .when the brushed DC motor is being made into use than in order to change brushes [roughly around every two years] equipment required to pull out of the well. design without brushes are present in which as a replacement for commentators along with brushes electric circuits is use. The design without brush of DC motors needed electronic commutation which is being well liked in solar pumping system. Pump: Presently are few type of different pump are in the bazaar which include. Piston pump: in this pump before the output piston movement of the pump draw water in a assembly room i.e.[compartment]. Thread screw pump: in this pump water capsule is focused next to the screw in axial way. Starting from the opening to the way out for example [cavity progressive pump, rotor helical pump, and mono pump]. Centrifugal pump: in this pump impeller drive water for the exit with high revolving pace more or less near the border of the pump. In the middle of impeller situates an inlet from where the water is drawn. Following are the system configuration and the pumps option: Positive displacement helical pumps: Similar specs of water relief head as well as volume pressure positive displacement helical pump contains most excellent effectiveness with the least P.V panel. Their rotational speed is short. Inside a rubber covering a metallic helical rotor rotate .which is fit designed for greater head .during cloudy season mono solar pump is time consuming but due to its lowest speed water flow is continues not like centrifugal pump. Submerged pump with motor mounted on the surface: Benefit for this type of pump is Motor maintenance can be easily accessible Power victims ( losses) is shortly effected in shaft bearings Installation prise of the pump is high which is its disadvantage for which it is mostly replaced by submersible pump set as well as the motor Floating pump set motor: Due to its flexibility of floating .it is perfectly used in irrigation purpose of pumping water from canals as well as the well it is easily movable and there is a minor possibility of the pump operating dry. Majority of this pump sets apply solo step submerged centrifugal pump. Majority of this type contain DC motor without brush frequently with solar array hold. Like wheel barrow or handle. Like troll to permit transport SURFACE SUCTION PUMPS: Surface suction pumps set is moreover appropriate in short head application because of its export system. It requires presence of operator for the purpose of its security as well as its maintanence. In order to have additional than 8 suction head is not possible . fever ordinary solar power pumps along with PV motorized reciprocating piston pumps or thermo phones as thermal solar pump are present which are not used commercially. SUBMERSIBLE PUMP: Pump with electronic load controller can be flooded with load controller above the earth or surface. It can be easily installed with lay flat pipe work and motor pump is positioned if flooded away from potential harm. MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: It can be switched on at low torque. With no electronic controller can be synchronized with the solar array it is not well organised as positive dislocation pumps with low cost electronic load controllers useful for short heads. Selection of the pump: Photovoltaic pumps contain their influence rate as well as flow rate in order to design a P.V pump structure .following are the most important factors. Current voltage requirement of the pump. Tallness of the storage reservoir i.e.[tank] as well as the deepness of the water resource. Mechanical job completed via the pump. Required flow rate. Price of the structure. The following are the points that are measured for additional complicated design: Tube i.e.[pipe line] force allowness. Temperature of the water. Heat as well as electric loss. Quality of the pump. The above points are not always needed in order to design complicated P.V pumps. It is required to realize the principal of water pumping. Following equation is used in order to verify flow rate conversion. /h= /d Where : p[ /h] = meter cub per hour. [ /d] = meter cub per day. Standard equal hour of solar power i.e.[sun energy] received for each day is equal to the peak sun hours which vary according to the site and the time of year. ( /m), ( /m), (l/m), ( /s) this are the other unite which are used to measure flow rate of pump structure . Where: Usg/m = U.S gallon per minute. Lg/m = imperial gallon per minute. L/m = litre per minute. Kg/s = kilogram per second. Understanding the principle of photovoltaic process: The working principal of photovoltaic irrigation system is quite straight forward. A photovoltaic array is the source of electricity for driving a surface motor pump. Which basically pumps out water from well reservoir into a accumulating basin. The P.V array contain 20 modules and each v trough module [ 50 watt peak] is made up of 36 square single silicon solar cells the pumping subsystem constitute of an MPPT [maximum power point tracker] and a motor pump. The components of motor pump are DC motor [746 watt] unswervingly attached to a surface centrifugal pump. Photovoltaic pumping system efficiencies: Total efficiency of photovoltaic pumping system is defined as the product of efficiencies of the P.V array the pumping sub system . Where = P.V efficiency It is the ratio between operating electrical power and the incident radiation on the tilted surface of a photovoltaic module. Where: = operating electrical power of the system [w] G = global radiance on P.V array [w/ ] M = no of modules is parallel in P.V array = pumping sub system efficiency is defined as the ratio between the output hydraulic power required for lifting a volume of water and the input electrical power of subsystem. Where Q = water flow rate [m] = total dynamic head